Music Production

Music productionMusic Production1.What argon the issues concerning file arranges, size and select when exporting a finished track from Logic/Cubase?There are several issues to consider when exporting a finished track from a DAW, the major one being the destination of a piece of music. Be it CD, Vinyl or I Tunes they all allow their own format issues. To store digital audio the audio voltage is ingestd which, on playback, corresponds to a certain levels of signal in an individual channel, with the resolution (sample rate) you chose to routine. This data can then be stored uncompressed or compressed to reduce the size, naturally even though a huge 94khz 32 bit file would sound amazing, it would be huge and for stuff equal websites or for people to store on their I tunes the size needs to be compressed. DAWs like Logic or Cubase have options when you export as to which format you want.For mastering for vinyl at that place are m all issues, lets start with the basics. The volum e of your record is directly linked to the total time of severally side. This means if you nail down to have it played in clubs by DJs, the most time per side should be around 12-13 minutes for 12 records. When the side length is less than 9 minutes, the loudness pass on be at the maximum for 33 1/3 rpm cuts. However for every minute over 13 minutes per side, you lose about 1 db in volume on the side in most cases. This is noticeable when a vinyl is pressed with two tracks on each side therefore comprising on volume and you also get the so-called S distortion (sibilance). When the master has too much gritty gearschool frequency on vocal S, T, and F sounds, it give end up overloading on playback, causing noticeable distortion. This also happens when hi-hats, cymbals, and any high frequency sounds that are in your ad mixed bagturees are too hot. This can also mean the louder your record is cut, the worse the problem will be. The same applies for bass and if you have a track with heavy sub bass that has been mastered badly the bass can eat up all the headroom in the mix and also heavy bass cuts a bigger groove into the vinyl taking up more space. So you can have all the swordplay you want for compact disc mixing. But for vinyl mixes, its suggested by mastering companies to not add compression or any digital processing, leave the mix for vinyl production as untouched as possible.For CD the issues are that you need stereo 16 bit 44.1 kHz files (the format for CD audio) they invite about 5 MB of disk space per channel per minute. So for example, 2 minutes of CD audio requires 20 MB of disk space. 2 channels times 5 MB times 2 minutes = 20 MB. Using a greater bit rate or sample rate will increase the disk space required, and will also increase demands on the computers delicate drive and processor. CD mastering engineers recommend they will need a mix that peaks at -3dB. The whole mix should not be compressed, unless by a very experienced engineer using a very good compressor. Too many mixes are submitted to that have been over-compressed using a cheap plug-in. This cannot be removed.As far as archiving and storing your completed visualize safely and properly, first of all back up your project on to external stern drives being sure to collect all the samples and consolidate each time you save. As far as which file format to use there is one major uncompressed audio format, PCM, which is usually stored as a .wav on Windows or as .aiff on mac OS. WAV and AIFF are flexible file formats designed to store more or less any combination of sampling rates or bitrates. This makes them suitable file formats for storing and archiving an original recording. By storing your project in this format you can load it up again and export a compressed or mastered version for different destinations.Referenceshttp//www.wikirecording.org/File_formatsAudiohttp//www.urpressing.com/advice.phphttp//www.littlebazaar.co.uk/pages/digital-audio-cd-mastering.p hp2.Use an imaginary budget of 3000 for each, put together an equipment list for two possible computer base recording setups a permanent PC based studio/home setup for an artificer/producer workings largely alone, and a mobile Mac based setup for recording bands. Evaluate the software and hardware options for each, and the specifications and performance of the desktop/laptop you choose.Portable I have gone for the cheapest macbook in the pro range as it offers better performance and room to upgrade, (the basic macbook doesnt even come with firewire) I chose the Focusrite soundcard as I know there stable from my look and there reasonably priced. For software I chose Logic Pro as it goes hand in hand with the macbook and offers many recording features and easily handles recording septuple channels and can be used to mix a track without the need for a desk. For microphones I have chosen the best for the money and attempt to cover all recording needs. I have also selected some go od quality budget headphones for the engineer and the band as well as all the necessary leads I could think of and still come under 3000. 1 x 13-inch Macbook Pro 2.26GHz = 918Intel Core 2 Duo 2GB Memory 160GB hard drive SD card slot Built-in 7-hour battery NVIDIA GeForce 9400M graphics card.1 x Focusrite Saphire Pro 24 Firewire Soundcard = 250FireWire InterfaceExcellent routing flexibility and rock-solid driver stability. both award-winning Focusrite pre-ampsJetPLL jitter elimination technologyI/O options Two additional analogue inputs, six analogue outputs, ADAT inputs (for expanding the interface with, for example, Focusrites OctoPre), stereo SPDIF I/O and 2 virtual loopback inputsFront panel 5-LED meteringZero-latency 18 x 8 DSP Mixer/Router software provided with Saffire PRO 24SoftwareLogic Pro = 150Mics 1 x AKG D112 = 115 (The D 112 can handle high sound pressure levels making it perfect for Kick Drum recording)2 x Shure SM58 = 192 (classic exertion standard used for all sorts of situations)1 x Rhode NTK = 379 (Valve Condenser Microphone for high-end recording applications, great for vocals)1 x AKG C414 = 525 (quality mic especially used for accurate, beautifully-detailed pickup of any acoustic instrument)Headphones1 x Sennheiser HD 25 Mk2headphones (for the producer/engineer) = 150 probably the most popular Pro headphones on the market. The HD25 Mk2 headphones have high quality closed(a) cups help reproduce a superb all round sound. Features detatchable lead and comfortable headband decks.co.uk3 x AKG K99 = 105 (less expensive so there are plenty to go around for band members etc.)Leads10 x XLR to XLR Microphone Lead. XLR male connector to XLR female connector. Two core screen cable 6mm diameter. distance 6M = 8.12 eachTop of Form5 x XLR Jack Mic lead with XLR and 6.35mm jack connections. 10.0m length = 9.45 eachBottom of FormTotal = 2912.45pReferences www.dv247.com www.akg.com www.store.apple.com/uk-storehttp//tweakheadz.com/Permanent PC Based St udio/home setup for an artist/producer working largely alone For this setup I have focused on the image that if the artist/producer was largely working alone at home, the best solution would be the sort of deal they offer at Sonica Labs one of the biggest retailers of high end custom built PCs designed to the best specifications (money permitting). If I had 3000 to spend on a setup for home that would sound superb and enable me to do professional quality mixes and tracks I would go for this which is the cheapest option of this model from the Sonica Labs website, I know a lot of big producers use these and coupled with the RME Firewire soundcard, the UAD plugins card and Pro Tools you would have more than enough to keep you release. Although the 3000 didnt allow for any monitors which if your serious can cost another 3000 so I didnt even go there which I appreciate might be wrong but I really feel this deal would be the one to go for in the circumstances.1 x Sonica Labs 19 Rack Mo unt HUSH-QXR / XLR8 Workstation (including all the components listed below)Intel Quad Core / Core i7 920 2.66GHz6GB DDR3 triple channel (3 x 2gig)Seagate 500GB, 32MB cache, 7200 RPM, SATA II2 x Seagate 1000GB, 32MB cache, 7200 RPM, SATA IIMicrosoft Windows 7 Home Premium 64bit (or 32bit)Blu-ray disc burner HD DVD-ROM / DVDRW / CDRWRME Fireface 400 Firewire SoundcardUniversal Audio UAD-2 Solo plug in cardProtools M-POWERED 8 for M-AUDIO music systemsTotal = 3004References www.shop-sonica.com3.Research and compose an analysis of how networking practices can impact on the process of music production?The creation of networks has been a massive development in the process of music production. It has meant the use of small networks in studios or offices where computers on a network can all access a server where they can have look atd hard drives. This sort of networking is extremely useful in such situations like in an audio for media editing studio where a whole group of people workin g with a huge library of sounds that would never fit on one computer can all access it with optical leads and run the samples from the networked hard drive. However, the issuance of networks also covers the biggest network in the world, which is the Internet. Since its creation, which was originally an desire by the the Statesn military to transfer secret tuition and later for some universities in America to have a way to share information between separate universities, the Internet has boomed to say the least. It now means that networks our part of all of our solar day to day lives.The Internet is a hot topic in the music industry and the idea of everyone with an Internet connection being able to access files and share information with everyone in the world and cover more territories than an old record label or shop could ever of dreamed of has caused the sale of physical mediums like CD and Vinyl to drop, and meant a lot of independent record shops and big chains having to shu t down, alongside I tunes announcing in April 2008 thatThe iTunes Store (www.itunes.com) surpassed Wal-Mart to become the number one music retailer in the US, based on the latest data from the NPD Group*. With over 50 million customers, iTunes has sold over four billion songs and features the worlds largest music catalog of over six million songs.Along with this in 2010 they announced the 10 Billionth downloadIt is clear to see that the Internet isnt going to go away and the thing that scares the record companies when it comes to illegal downloads is that its so hard to police, it is now the case that people will use file sharing networks online to share files that can include illegal content such as musicians albums, singles and even vocal accapellas. It can even be a case of an artist completing an album that has taken years to produce only to have it leaked a month before the official release. It can mean huge problems for artists and they will employ people to search the Intern et for these very leaks. I think the future for me and my independent label is bright and that has a lot to do with the net income as we hold the view that if we release our stuff digitally for free then bring out select tracks that people like to mix on vinyl we can focus on getting income from the live shows we get booked for, it is nice to have a physical CD but the idea of digital and using social networking and forums along with our own website to promote and get our music out there is the best way for us.References http//www.apple.comhttp//www.cultureandrecreation.gov.au/resources/guides/g2/s2.htm

Anti-Italian American Prejudice and Discrimination

Anti-Italian American Prejudice and DiscriminationMezzogiornoN primal three-fourths of all Italian immigrants to the get together States came from the southernmost provinces of Italy. Known as Il Mezzogiorno, it was the countrys most impoverished region, with the illiteracy rate at a staggering 70 percent in 1900, and longstanding oppression from Italys Northern-dominated government. Southern Italian economy relied on agriculture, but natural disasters of volcano eruptions and earthquakes in the advance(prenominal) 20th century devastated what little productive land there was (Mintz, 2007). Unable to sustain tolerable living conditions, most became migrant workers. Between the years of 1876 and 1924, nearly 5 million Italians arrived in the United States (Pozzetta, 2008). About one-fourth remained in New York City, while more than half settled in the middle Atlantic states and New EnglandMany Italian immigrants had no plans of establishing long-lived homes in the United States. M ost were young men who left behind their wives and children with hopes of brief absence-they would find employment, collect their pay, and return home. They lived prudently in conditions that were regarded as unsupportable by ordinary American families (Mintz, 2007). Commonly working unskilled jobs in construction and public development, roughly half of the Italian immigrant population in the early 1900s was made up of manual laborers (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2009). Although the United States appealed to emigrating Italians as the best prospective destination to find work, Gambino (2002) asserts that American industry sought immigrants to replace the emancipated buckle down class. Many Italian immigrants in the North took positions in sweatshops and factories, while others were recruited to work on Southern plantations where slave labor had since been abolished (LaGumina, 1999). However, those in larger urban areas oft found dominance in skilled artisan trades they had once practiced in Italy, such as shoemaking, tailoring, and barbering (Pozzetta, 2008). Though still generally confined to a lower class, many Italian immigrants found solidarity in highly concentrated ethnic neighborhoods (Mangione Morreale, 1993).Little ItaliesThe emergence of Little Italies was prompted in large part by the intolerance and hostility that Italian immigrants faced in mainstream American society (Pozzetta, 2008). A working class minority that was defined by some as not quite white (Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia, 2009), or the missing link between black and white (Borsella, 2005), they often faced discrimination in housing opportunities. Italian immigrants themselves were slow to seek assimilation because traditionally, la famiglia (the family) and lordine della famiglia (the rules of behavior and responsibility to the family) came before any affiliation with a larger-scale community (Mintz, 2007). This resistance began to fade as ulterior generations strayed from the strict codes of their parents. With the dawn of World War II, more than 500,000 Italian Americans served in the U.S. military, proving to many that their loyalties to the country were strong. By the 1950s it seemed that Italian immigrants, now secure in identifying as Italian Americans, had found a true home in the United States (Pozzetta, 2008). Anti-Italian prejudice however, though less pronounced, still endured. Dating back to the early 20th century and the apex of the groups immigration, society and popular culture have attached a number of pigeonholes to Italian Americans. Arguably the most distinctive stereotype is that of association with La Cosa Nostra, or the American Mafia (Pozzetta, 2008). Released in 1972, the critically-acclaimed and wildly popular film The Godfather became the archetype of Hollywoods Mafia movie industry, depicting Italian Americans as ruthless criminals, a label that had long vilified their ethnic identity. Many Italian Americans, a fter having fought the stereotype for decades, came to embrace the Mafia image that had captivated American moviegoers and provided a highly profitable new avenue for filmmakers. The 1990s introduced the film Goodfellas (1990) and the television series The Sopranos (1999), both of which reinforced the hardcore gangster image (Borsella, 2005). Other predominant Italian American stereotypes in film and television often still include the feisty young woman with a taste for gaudy fashion, the adorable womanizer, and the overweight matriarch with excessive jewelry and a pot of spaghetti (Pozzetta, 2008).NonninaAlthough I identify more with American culture in my everyday life, I do embrace my Italian American heritage.In some sense, I connect with my roots in an Americanized way, and I have no problem in laughing at the some of the stereotypes that accompany it. A few mob movies are actually among my favorites. Though I know authentic Italian cuisine, I do be intimate eating at Olive Garden and ordering deliveries from Pizza Hut once in a while.I still call my grandmother Nonni, which is short for nonnina, a term affectionately meaning little grandmother.

Enlightenment from The Tao Te Ching Essay -- Tao Te Ching Essays

Enlightenment from The Tao Te Ching The Tao Te Ching can be helpful to all, and the reading of it may be enlightening. construe the Tao can give much insight on the challenges and dangers that humans must face in this world, how a person should live his life, the dangers of a powerful ruler, how the state of matter should rule, how citizens should serve the state, and the messages or forewarnings for us today. Mankind has the tendency to be self-conscious, greedy, and materialistic, and human history shows this to be the case in all societies. Even in mainland China they suffer from the selfish aspects of humans. The Tao states on page 9, Chase after money and security/and your heart will never unclench. It is natural for people to want things, alone the Tao is saying that the chasing after money is the danger. In our society this materialistic attitude is apparent, for when people buy expensive things they cannot afford, they immediately say, Charge it If the Tao was writte n today it would read, impute cards are for those who chase after money/their pocketbooks will never be s...

Nudity and Sex in Advertising :: Advertising Advertisements Media Essays

Nudity and Sex in Advertising I hold chosen to research and write about the controversy of desolation and land up in advertisement in the United States of America. Many people oppose advertising that uses sex and nudity to sell products, while others believe that there is nothing wrong with sex or nudity displayed in adverting. For my final research cover I have chosen to argue with the side that believes it is okay to advertise usu all toldy nudity and sex. Countries in Europe use full frontal nudity and sex to sell products all the time and not as many people are offended by the advertisements compared to people in America. I willing be discussing why Americans view these advertisements different than Europeans and why with out these advertisements they are making the situation worse.The topic of nudity and sex in advertising is essential to all television viewers because if nudity and sex are banned from advertising, what will be banned next. Any thing could be banned with the victuals of a enough people, so we have to draw a line somewhere. I believe that hopefully my research and conclusions will help change the minds of at least a few people and maybe even start a revolution to allow nudity and sex in advertising. Maybe no one will read my paper or change there minds about the topic, but at least I can say that I tried and gave it my best. I hope though to become more knowledgeable about the topic for later en accounters with this controversy. Virgin Mobile has decided to move external from nudity in their campaigns and move more to conservative advertisements. They believe that the change will indeed change them from sinners to saints. Their old ads had nude women wearing only a clear cell phone box where now the ads will contain teenagers talking to religious figures such as priests, monks, and rabbis. They decided to make the change with all the pressure advertising and the media has been getting from showing sex and nudity. I wil l be using this article in my paper that condemns using nudity and sex in advertising and the media. It will help me show even companies are actually listening to their viewers and in the end changing their advertisements. Word count 123Cuneo, Alice Z.